Intermittent Fasting & Metabolic Health: A Physician’s Evidence-Based Guide

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⚕️ Medically Reviewed by Dr. Tom Biernacki, DPM, FACFAS — Board-Certified Podiatrist & Functional Medicine Physician · Updated May 2026 Intermittent Fasting & Metabolic Health: A Physician’s Evidence-Based Guide ⚡ QUICK ANSWER A 2019 New England Journal of Medicine meta-analysis of 27 trials found intermittent fasting reduces fasting insulin by 20–31% and body weight by … Read more

VO2max: Why Cardiovascular Fitness Is the Most Powerful Longevity Biomarker

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Medically Reviewed by Dr. Tom Biernacki, DPM, FACFAS | Functional Medicine & Exercise Physiology | Updated May 2025 Quick Answer VO2max is the maximum rate at which your body can consume oxygen during maximal exercise — the gold standard measure of cardiovascular fitness and one of the strongest predictors of all-cause mortality. Moving from “low” … Read more

Sleep Optimization for Longevity

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Medically Reviewed by Dr. Tom Biernacki, DPM, FACFAS | Functional Medicine & Longevity Medicine | Updated May 2025 Quick Answer Sleep is the single highest-leverage longevity intervention available — it consolidates memory, clears neurotoxic waste via the glymphatic system, secretes growth hormone, repairs DNA, and regulates insulin sensitivity. Adults need 7-9 hours of quality sleep … Read more

Longevity Biomarkers Panel: The 20 Tests That Actually Measure How Fast You Are Aging

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Medically Reviewed by Dr. Tom Biernacki, DPM, FACFAS | Functional & Longevity Medicine | Updated May 2025 Quick Answer A longevity biomarkers panel goes far beyond the standard annual physical. It covers metabolic markers (fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c), cardiovascular markers (ApoB, Lp(a), hs-CRP, homocysteine), hormonal markers (free T3, testosterone, DHEA-S, IGF-1), nutritional markers (vitamin D, … Read more

ApoB: Why Apolipoprotein B Is the Cardiovascular Biomarker Your Doctor Is Not Testing

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Medically Reviewed by Dr. Tom Biernacki, DPM, FACFAS | Functional Medicine & Preventive Cardiology | Updated May 2025 Quick Answer ApoB (Apolipoprotein B) is a protein on every atherogenic lipoprotein particle in your blood — LDL, VLDL, IDL, and Lp(a). Each particle carries exactly one ApoB molecule, so ApoB directly measures the number of atherogenic … Read more